Quantum mechanics describes how the smallest particles in nature behave and interact. It describes how matter and light interact at the atomic and subatomic level. Quantum information science uses novel principles from quantum mechanics to transform computing, sensing, and communication as we know them.
Quantum mechanics and information sciences have been key to many technological advances in the 20th century. They have led to astonishing progress in computing, sensing, and networking. The unusual effects predicted by quantum mechanics may enable similarly transformative applications in the future.
One such application is quantum computing. Quantum computers are fundamentally different from their classical counterparts and are expected to be drastically better at performing certain types of calculations than today's most powerful computers. They could greatly improve our ability to solve currently intractable problems. Scientists anticipate that quantum computers will be able to accelerate discovery by simulating quantum systems. These systems include molecules used as catalysts in chemical processes, elusive particles inside the nuclei of atoms, and complex materials. They could also be powerful tools in enabling more efficient management of infrastructure or logistics.
Quantum sensors have been used for decades in atomic clocks and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The next generation of quantum sensors will offer advantages over classical sensors. These sensors could be capable of achieving incredibly precise measurements beyond the limits of today's tools. Some applications include: the detection of gravitational waves and dark matter, monitoring of physiological and environmental variables, characterization and design of new materials, and precise navigation.
Quantum networks will connect quantum computers together to help scale up their computational power. They could also connect quantum sensors to link telescopes or develop more precise clocks.
The Department of Energy is supporting efforts that both study quantum systems and develop quantum technologies. Our National Quantum Information Science Research Centers are creating and sustaining an environment to accelerate quantum research, development, and commercialization. Research ranging from biological systems to renewable energy can draw on insights and technologies enabled by quantum information science. The field is poised to transform our world and our understanding of it.